(Facilitates and...) Increases rate of product changes and updates
Allows Black Box Design development method
Allows division of labor
Allows easy identification for improvement/troubleshooting of components/modules
Allows for configure-to-order strategy
Allows for re-use of architectures
Allows independent/parallel testing
Allows modular networks of firms and suppliers to develop
Allows out-sourcing of design
Allows out-sourcing of production
Allows product variety
Allows Risk Pooling
Allows seperability
Allows specialty firm development
Allows standardization
Allows the Development of a Production Process Platform
Allows the Product Family Evolution
Allows use of OTS components
Constrains Novelty (reduces?)
Couples interfaces between components
Decouples Negative Relationship Between Customization and Commonality
Decouples Positive Relationship Between Cost and Performance
Decreases ability of product functions to react quickly when in use
Decreases ability to use carry-over/re-use
Decreases amount of componant code numbers
Decreases amount of component inventory
Decreases amount of product variants
Decreases certification costs
Decreases Checking and Debugging in Testing Phase
Decreases commonality of components
Decreases component/module variety
Decreases computation requirements
Decreases coordination costs (time)
Decreases Design Effort
Decreases Development and Production System Complexity
Decreases development cost per unit
Decreases development costs
Decreases development risk
Decreases development time
Decreases differentiation within a product family
Decreases Economic Impact (innovation)
Decreases energy consumption (mfg, product use?)
Decreases Environmental Impact
Decreases error accumulation (controls)
Decreases expected benefits and savings when coordination costs are high
Decreases feasability for edge-cases
Decreases freedom of design
Decreases function sharing
Decreases generational module/component variety
Decreases independent/parallel testing ability
Decreases individual product variants development time
Decreases innovation time
Decreases internal engineering effort (development)
Decreases inventory administration time & costs
Decreases Inventory Costs
Decreases inventory variety (# of different part types in inventory)
Decreases investment in tools and/or people
Decreases invetory size (overall quantity)
Decreases manufacturing and/or functional quality of a component or product
Decreases mass
Decreases need for integration (with-in firm)
Decreases number of parts or components in a single product
Decreases number of purchase orders
Decreases number of suppliers
Decreases optimization of aesthetics
Decreases oversizing
Decreases parallel development ability
Decreases potential for lock-in (local optimum trap) for product overall performance
Decreases procurement costs
Decreases procurement lead time predictability
Decreases procurement lead times
Decreases product development complexity
Decreases product efficiency
Decreases product innovation
Decreases Product Line Consistency/Control
Decreases product or functional controlability
Decreases product overall or global performance
Decreases production costs
Decreases production lead time
Decreases propagation of changes in the design
Decreases queing times (mfg)
Decreases reliance on specific hardware
Decreases reliance on suppliers (role of suppliers)
Decreases repeated tasks (documentation)
Decreases required adjustment(in-use) and maintenance
Decreases risk from changing circumstances with suppliers (contracts)
Decreases set-up times (mfg)
Decreases severity of function operation errors
Decreases size
Decreases specific function or local performance
Decreases supplier involvment
Decreases testing costs
Decreases the degree of coupling
Decreases time to production planning
Decreases time-to-martket
Decreases variable costs (procurement?, mfg??)
Decreases variety of production processes
Decreases volume efficiency
Decreases wear concerns
Decreases weight efficency
Enables combinability
Exploits economies of scale
Exploits Integral Suply Chains
Exploits Modular Supply Chains
Exploits Well-Known Markets
Facilitates Cost Optomization
Facilitates Custom Built Products from Standard Models
facilitates customer service
Facilitates Diverse Production ****Please Revisit****
Facilitates Engineering Standards Adherance Optomization
Facilitates parallel production
Facilitates part re-use / carry-over
Facilitates part sharing
Facilitates Performance Optomization
Facilitates Product Change Optomization
Facilitates Recycling
Facilitates Service Requirements Optomization
Facilitates Variety Optomization
Impedes ability to widely distribute a functions physical features over a part
Impedes Assembly
Improves Characteristics for Mass Production
Increase ability to remanufacture
Increase control reliability
Increase ease of imitation for competition
Increase Lot size
Increases ability for adaptation to new applications
Increases ability for Automation
Increases ability for expansion into a product family
Increases ability for module upgrade
Increases ability for upgrade in the field
Increases ability to assign organizations to tasks
Increases adaptability to major unexpected change in environment
Increases asset specificty (dev & production assets)
Increases balanced production machines utilization
Increases beaurocratic management
Increases checking and debugging in testing phase
Increases Commonality
Increases compatability with other products
Increases competetive distinction/advantage
Increases component Reliability & Maturity
Increases component/module variety
Increases computation requirements
Increases corporate risk distribution
Increases design novelty
Increases design simplicity
Increases dev effort maintaining compatability in family
Increases development costs
Increases development time
Increases difficulty for debugging, adjustment, and diagnosis of product
Increases difficulty of developing complex designs
Increases difficulty of identifying design interfaces across system boundaries.
Increases difficulty of immitation by competing firms
Increases disposability
Increases early design planning (time & effort)
Increases early identification of design defects (earlier)
Increases ease of assembly
Increases ease of engineering change management
Increases ease of out-sourcing
Increases ease of service and maintenance
Increases ease of supplier management
Increases effect on NPD time savings
Increases engineering effort (development)
Increases erroneous assumptions
Increases financial performance of product for the firm
Increases flexibilty
Increases freedom of design (search area/spectrum)
Increases geometric precision
Increases Hold-up potential
Increases improvements in the long term
Increases initial time to market
Increases innovation
Increases interest in product
Increases introduction rate (market)
Increases investment in tools and/or people
Increases management efficiency
Increases manufacturing and/or functional quality of a component or product
Increases manufacturing flexibility
Increases mass
Increases module design freedom
Increases need for development and production integration within a single org.
Increases need for multi-disciplinary teams
Increases need for new-to-firm capabilities
Increases need for unique parts
Increases number of parts
Increases opportunity for new design layouts in later itterations
Increases organizational barriers
Increases Over-Design of Low-End Parts
Increases Oversizing (excess functionality)
Increases parallel development
Increases physical overhead costs
Increases Postponement Capability
Increases potential of Development Strategy Lock-In
Increases probability of assembly errors
Increases procurement costs
Increases product development complexity
Increases product efficiency
Increases product structure variety
Increases product varient derivations
Increases product variety
Increases production cost
Increases Production Costs
Increases production steps
Increases production time
Increases propagation of changes in the design
Increases protection of Intelectual Property (IP)
Increases quality of Mass produced designs
Increases range of obtainable product performance
Increases rate of component/module experimentation
Increases rate of locating local optimum of the products overall performance
Increases redundancy
Increases reliance on suppliers
Increases required coordination & integration skills (costs)
Increases robustness of design
Increases service life
Increases simplicity of manipulation tasks
Increases size
Increases specialization and expertise (of firms and organiz)
Increases specific function or local performance
Increases stable or gentle interactions and motion
Increases standardization
Increases structural similarity in product families
Increases supplier involvment
Increases team integration (everyone working together)
Increases Team Lead skills/requirements
Increases tuning activities (in testing)
Increases Under-Design of High-End Parts
Increases use of spatial-type design interfaces
Increases use of transfer-type design interfaces
Increases value of product for the consumer
Increases variety of production processes
Integral outperforms Modular Search Strategies
Introduces incremental change to architecture
Optimizes natural frequencies (vibrations, electro-magnetic radiation)
Preserves Organizational Focus
Prevents Exploitation of Economies of Scale
Removes influence on development time when interfunctional integration is low
Renders computation infeasible
Requires flexible manufacturing processes for product variety
Requires function mapping (system level design)
Requires increased systems engineering and planning skills
Requires interface standardization & protocols (better defined)
Requires Out-sourcing
Requires overcoming organizational barriers
Requires overlapping knowledge of team members
Requires specialty tools
Requires tightly organized firms
Requires top-down architecture (plan)
Sensitizes Product to Market Uncertainty
Simplify Interface (geometry) decisions
Simplify Orientation (geometry) decisions
Tolerates uncertainty (not major environment changes)

Choose One or More Effects